By Timothy R. Homan Jan. 15 (Bloomberg) -- The cost of living in the U.S. slowed in December from a month earlier, indicating the economic recovery is showing few signs of stoking inflation. The consumer-price index rose 0.1 percent, less than forecast, following a 0.4 percent gain in November, Labor Department figures showed today in Washington. Excluding food and energy costs, the so-called core index also increased 0.1 percent. Companies may have little success raising prices with unemployment projected to average 10 percent this year, the highest annual rate in seven decades. Federal Reserve policy makers have said they expect “subdued” inflation in coming months, allowing them to keep interest rates close to zero to help fuel growth. “High unemployment and weak demand continued to keep inflationary pressures in check through the end of 2009,” Nigel Gault, chief U.S. economist at IHS Global Insight in Lexington, Massachusetts, said before the report. The pace of inflation is “providing the Fed with yet another checkered flag to keep interest rates low for an extended period,” he said. Americans paid 2.7 percent more for goods and services in 2009. The annual gain followed a 0.1 percent rise in 2008 that was the smallest since 1954 as energy costs plunged the most since those records began four years later. Prices excluding food and energy rose 1.8 percent in 2009, matching the previous year as the smallest gain since 2003. Service costs, which make up 60 percent of the CPI, rose 0.9 percent last year, the smallest gain since 1945. Economists forecast the consumer-price index would rise 0.2 percent in December from a month earlier, according to the median of 77 projections in a Bloomberg News survey. Estimates ranged from a 0.1 percent drop to a gain of 0.3 percent. The core index was forecast to rise 0.1 percent, according to the Bloomberg survey. Fed’s Preferred Measure Fed policy makers’ long-term forecast for their preferred measure of inflation, the Commerce Department’s index tied to consumer spending and excluding food and fuel, calls for gains in a range of 1.5 percent to 2 percent. That gauge, which is typically lower than the CPI, was up 1.4 percent in the 12 months to November. Energy costs increased 0.2 percent in December, less than the previous month as gasoline and fuel oil costs slowed. The year-over-year gains in the consumer price index are getting bigger as crude oil prices increase from an almost five- year low in December 2008. Energy costs last year jumped 18.2 percent, the most since 1979. Crude oil futures traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange averaged $74.60 in December, compared with $78.15 the previous month. Prices have rebounded this month, averaging $81.59 a barrel. Gasoline Prices Gasoline prices in December averaged $2.61, compared with $2.65 a gallon the previous month, according to AAA. Prices for regular-grade gasoline at the pump have climbed to an average of $2.71 so far this month. Food costs, which account for about 15 percent of the CPI, increased 0.2 percent in December, reflecting higher prices for fruits and vegetables, dairy products and cereals. The cost of food for all of last year dropped 0.5 percent, the biggest decline since 1961. Delhaize Group SA, owner of Food Lion supermarkets in the U.S., said in a statement yesterday that revenue fell for the first time in five quarters on declining food prices. The Brussels-based company said U.S. retail food deflation accelerated to 2.1 percent in the fourth quarter and prices in its stores fell 0.92 percentage point more than the cost of goods sold. Cheaper Rents Rents, which make up almost 40 percent of the core CPI, were unchanged. Owners-equivalent rent, one of the categories used to track rental prices, held steady last month after a 0.1 percent decline. Owner-equivalent rent hasn’t risen since August. The CPI is the broadest of the three monthly price gauges from the Labor Department because it includes goods and services. A report yesterday showed the cost of imported goods was unchanged last month. The Labor Department is scheduled to report December wholesale prices on Jan. 20. Almost 60 percent of the CPI covers prices consumers pay for services ranging from medical visits to airline fares and movie tickets. United Airlines, the third-largest U.S. carrier, discounted fares to as low as $55 each way in an effort to boost travel during the winter months. The carrier’s Chicago-based parent UAL Corp. made the announcement this month in a statement and followed one-way discounts offered by JetBlue Airways Corp. Holiday Discounts Retailers offering discounts during the holiday shopping season to spur demand weighed on earnings for some companies. GameStop Corp., the world’s largest video-game retailer, reported fourth-quarter earnings that fell short of estimates because of disappointing sales. The Grapevine, Texas-based company offered a $50 discount on Nintendo Co.’s top-selling Wii console from Wal-Mart Stores Inc. “The macroeconomic environment put a damper on people buying as many video-games as we expected,” Chief Executive Officer Daniel DeMatteo said in a Jan. 8 interview. He said sales were impacted by “economic weakness.” To contact the reporters on this story: Timothy R. Homan in Washington at thoman1@bloomberg.net

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